Thallium

Thallium , Tl

Thallium is a chemical element with the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray malleable poor metal resembles tin but discolors when exposed to air. Approximately 60-70% of thallium production is used in the electronics industry, and the rest is used in the pharmaceutical industry and in glass manufacturing. It is used in infrared detectors. Thallium is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides. Since it may cause cancer[citation needed] (although the United States EPA does not class it as carcinogen), its use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It is used in murders and has the nicknames "The Poisoner's Poison" and "Inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic).

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T4-10006-P

Thallium (I) Chloride TlCl -20 mesh 99.999% pure

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T4-10007-P

TlCl -20 mesh 99.9% Pure

Thallium (I) Chloride UN1707 6.1 PG II

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T4-10008-P

TlF -8 mesh 99.9% Pure

Thallium (I) Fluoride UN1707 6.1 PG II

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T4-10009-P

TlF3 -4 mesh 99.9% Pure

Thallium (II) Fluoride UN1707 6.1 PG II

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T4-10012-P

Thallium (I) Nitrate TlNO3 -40 mesh 99.999% pure

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T4-10013-P

TlNO3 -40 mesh 99.5% Pure

Thallium (I) Nitrate UN2727 6.1 PG II

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T4-10014-P

Thallium (III) Oxide Tl2O3 -20 mesh 99.999% pure

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T4-10015-P

Tl2O3 -20 mesh 99.5% Pure

Thallium (III) Oxide UN1707 6.1 PG II

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T4-10016-P

Thallium (I) Sulphate Tl2SO4 -4 mesh 99.999% pure

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T4-10017-P

Thallium (I) Sulphate Tl2SO4 -4 mesh 99.99% pure

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T4-10018-P

Tl2S -20 mesh 99.9% Pure

Thallium (I) Sulphide UN1707 6.1 PG II

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T4-2000-R

Tl Rod 12.7mm diameter 99.9% pure

Thallium

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This metal is very soft and malleable and can be cut with a knife. When it is first exposed to air, thallium has a metallic luster but quickly tarnishes with a bluish-gray tinge that resembles lead (it is preserved by keeping it under oil). A heavy layer of oxide builds up on thallium if left in air. In the presence of water, thallium hydroxide is formed.

Symbol Tl

Atomic number 81

No. of naturally occurring isotopes 2

Atomic weight 204.383

Electronic configuration [Xe]4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6s²6p¹

Metal radius(6-coordinate)/pm 170

Ionic radius(6-coordinate)/pm III 88.5

Ionic radius(6-coordinate)/pm I 150

E° (M³⁺(aq)\ + 3e^- →M_(s))/V 1.26

E° (M⁺(aq)\ + e^- →M_(s))/V -0.34

Electronegativity χ 1.8

Density (20°C)/gcm³ 11.85

Melting point / °C 303.5

Boiling point / °C 1457

ΔH_fus/kJmol^-1 4.31

ΔH_vap/kJmol^-1 166.1

ΔH_{f(monoatomic gas)}/kJmol^-1 180.7

Electrical resistivity (20°C)/μohm cm 18

Ionization energy/kJmol^-1 I 589.1

Ionization energy/kJmol^-1 II 1970.5

Ionization energy/kJmol^-1 III 2877.4

Hardness (Mohs) 1.2-1.3

Temperature (^oC) @Vap. Pressure

10^-8 Torr 280

10^-6 Torr 360

10^-4 Torr 470

Techniques

Electron Beam Poor

Crucible Al₂O₃ & Quartz

Coil -

Boat Tungsten & Tantalum

Remarks

Wets freely, very toxic